Ophthalmologist: what they treat and when to see one
An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor specializing in eyes and vision, able to prescribe medication and perform eye surgery. For routine glasses and contact lens fitting, an optometrist is usually sufficient; for medical eye problems, see an ophthalmologist.
What a ophthalmologist treats
- Blurred or declining vision
- Eye pain and pressure
- Persistent redness and irritation
- Floaters and flashes of light
- Dry eye syndrome
- Cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration
- Diabetic eye screening
When to see a ophthalmologist
- Your vision has changed and glasses do not correct it
- Your eyes are chronically dry, gritty, or irritated
- You see new floaters or occasional flashes
- You have diabetes and need an annual retinal exam
- You have a family history of glaucoma
When to seek urgent or emergency care instead
Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room if you experience any of the following. Do not wait for an appointment.
- Sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes
- A sudden shower of floaters or a curtain across your vision
- Severe eye pain with nausea or halos around lights
- Any chemical splash or penetrating eye injury
Do you need a referral?
Many insurance plans require a referral from a primary care physician before they will cover a specialist visit. Our referral checker shows how each plan type usually works. If you are unsure, start with your primary care physician. They can evaluate the problem, treat it directly if appropriate, and refer you if not.
Related symptom guides
Related specialties
Prepare for your appointment
Appointments are short. Our appointment prep sheet builder puts your symptoms and the right questions on one printable page you can take with you.
Sources
- MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine (medlineplus.gov)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov)
- Relevant national medical specialty association guidance
This is not medical advice. This guide explains what a specialty treats so you can pick the right type of doctor. It does not diagnose conditions. In an emergency, call 911. Read our full medical disclaimer.