ENT (Otolaryngologist): what they treat and when to see one
An otolaryngologist — almost always called an ENT — specializes in the ear, nose, throat, and related head and neck structures. They handle problems that are too persistent or too structural for a primary care physician to resolve.
What a ENT treats
- Ear pain, ear infections, and blocked ears
- Hearing loss and ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
- Chronic sinus congestion and recurring sinus infections
- Persistent sore throat and tonsil problems
- Hoarseness and voice changes
- Frequent nosebleeds
- Snoring and some sleep apnea evaluations
When to see a ENT
- Sinus congestion lasts longer than 12 weeks or keeps coming back
- Your hearing has noticeably declined
- Ringing in your ears is constant
- A sore throat lasts more than a few weeks
- Your voice has been hoarse for more than two or three weeks
- Nosebleeds are frequent or hard to stop
When to seek urgent or emergency care instead
Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room if you experience any of the following. Do not wait for an appointment.
- Sudden hearing loss in one ear
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- A nosebleed that will not stop after 20 minutes of pressure
- Severe throat pain with drooling or inability to swallow
Do you need a referral?
Many insurance plans require a referral from a primary care physician before they will cover a specialist visit. Our referral checker shows how each plan type usually works. If you are unsure, start with your primary care physician. They can evaluate the problem, treat it directly if appropriate, and refer you if not.
Related symptom guides
Related specialties
Prepare for your appointment
Appointments are short. Our appointment prep sheet builder puts your symptoms and the right questions on one printable page you can take with you.
Sources
- MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine (medlineplus.gov)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov)
- Relevant national medical specialty association guidance
This is not medical advice. This guide explains what a specialty treats so you can pick the right type of doctor. It does not diagnose conditions. In an emergency, call 911. Read our full medical disclaimer.