Urologist: what they treat and when to see one
A urologist specializes in the urinary tract of all patients — kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra — as well as the male reproductive system.
What a urologist treats
- Painful urination
- Frequent or urgent urination
- Blood in the urine
- Kidney stones and flank pain
- Recurrent urinary tract infections
- Male reproductive and fertility concerns
- Prostate conditions and prostate screening
When to see a urologist
- Urination is painful and has not resolved
- You are urinating far more often than usual, especially at night
- You get urinary tract infections repeatedly
- You have had a kidney stone before
- You are a man over 50 due for prostate screening
When to seek urgent or emergency care instead
Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room if you experience any of the following. Do not wait for an appointment.
- Inability to urinate at all
- Severe flank pain with fever and vomiting
- Visible blood in the urine with clots
- Testicular pain of sudden onset
Do you need a referral?
Many insurance plans require a referral from a primary care physician before they will cover a specialist visit. Our referral checker shows how each plan type usually works. If you are unsure, start with your primary care physician. They can evaluate the problem, treat it directly if appropriate, and refer you if not.
Related symptom guides
Related specialties
Prepare for your appointment
Appointments are short. Our appointment prep sheet builder puts your symptoms and the right questions on one printable page you can take with you.
Sources
- MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine (medlineplus.gov)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov)
- Relevant national medical specialty association guidance
This is not medical advice. This guide explains what a specialty treats so you can pick the right type of doctor. It does not diagnose conditions. In an emergency, call 911. Read our full medical disclaimer.